Composite vs. Amalgam Fillings
Composite and amalgam are the two most commonly placed filling materials. The choice between them involves trade-offs between aesthetics, durability, cost, and patient preferences about mercury.
| Factor | Composite Resin | Amalgam |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | Tooth-colored, virtually invisible | Silver-gray, clearly visible |
| Durability (posterior) | 7–12 years average | 15–20+ years |
| Tooth removal | Less — bonds to tooth | More — requires undercuts |
| Mercury content | None | ~50% mercury alloy |
| Technique sensitivity | Higher — moisture control critical | Lower — more forgiving |
| Cost | $150–$300 per surface | $75–$200 per surface |
| Environmental concern | Lower | Higher — global phase-down underway |
Verdict
For anterior (front) teeth, composite is almost always preferred for aesthetic reasons. For posterior teeth, the choice depends on patient priorities: composite for a metal/mercury-free option, amalgam if longevity and cost are the primary concern.
Which filling lasts longer — composite or amalgam?
Amalgam typically lasts longer in posterior teeth under heavy bite force — 15-20+ years vs 7-12 years for composite. However, modern composite formulations are significantly more durable than older versions, and the gap is narrowing in clinical studies.
Is composite safe for back teeth?
Yes — composite is widely used in posterior teeth and is considered safe and clinically appropriate. It works best in smaller cavities; for large restorations, alternatives like inlays may be more durable.